Micro-treatment plant: how it works, advantages and disadvantages
Introduction to micro-treatment plants
Micro-treatment plants are an effective solution for the treatment of domestic wastewater, particularly in rural areas or for homes not connected to the public treatment network. Their principle is based on the breakdown of particles by micro-organisms. These bacteria develop thanks to oxygenation created by an aeration device, such as a compressor or other mechanisms that provide oxygen. However, like any system, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we offer you a comprehensive guide to better understand what a micro-treatment plant is, how it works and what the benefits and challenges are for individuals.
In addition to their efficiency, micro-treatment plants have established themselves as a viable alternative for areas where connection to a collective sanitation network is impossible or too costly. They represent an innovative solution that not only meets the immediate needs of wastewater treatment, but also the growing environmental requirements.
How micro-treatment plants work
Micro-treatment plants operate mainly thanks to the action of micro-organisms that break down the organic matter present in wastewater. This process generally takes place in three stages: decantation, biofiltration and clarification. During decantation, the heavy particles settle at the bottom, while biofiltration allows the micro-organisms to break down the organic matter into simpler substances. Finally, clarification separates the treated water from the sludge. This closed-loop system ensures effective purification while minimising environmental impact.
These three stages are essential to ensure that wastewater is sufficiently treated before being discharged into the environment. Biofiltration is often considered the core of the process as it uses beneficial bacteria to break down organic contaminants. In addition, some small wastewater treatment plants incorporate advanced treatment systems, such as extended aeration or sequencing batch reactors, to further optimise the quality of the treated water. Thanks to these technologies, small wastewater treatment plants are able to meet the strictest quality standards for wastewater treatment.
Advantages of micro-treatment plants
One of the main advantages of micro-treatment plants is their reduced environmental impact. They enable in-depth treatment of wastewater while minimising the release of pollutants into the environment. Furthermore, these systems are often compact and can be easily integrated into various types of landscaping. In addition, micro-stations generally require less maintenance than traditional sanitation systems, which can represent a saving of time and money for owners in the long term.
Another significant advantage is the reduction of odour pollution, often associated with traditional sanitation systems. Modern micro-treatment plants are designed to contain odours, thus providing a more pleasant environment for nearby residents. In addition, thanks to their modular design, they can be easily adapted to growing needs, making them a scalable solution capable of adjusting to future increases in wastewater treatment demand.
Disadvantages of micro-treatment plants
Despite their many advantages, micro-treatment plants also have certain disadvantages. The initial installation cost can be high, which can be a deterrent for some individuals. In addition, although they generally require less maintenance, they require regular maintenance to function optimally. Another point to consider is the need for a continuous power supply, which can be a challenge in remote areas. Finally, the lifespan of the systems can vary depending on their use and the maintenance carried out.
In addition, the efficiency of micro-stations can be influenced by the hydraulic and organic load they receive. Overloading can lead to a decrease in treatment performance potentially requiring adjustments or upgrades to the system. Furthermore, due to their dependence on electricity, outages can affect their operation, although backup solutions, such as solar power, can mitigate this problem in certain situations.
Installation and maintenance of micro-treatment plants
Before considering the installation of a micro-treatment plant, it is essential to fully understand the technical requirements and local regulations. The installation must be carried out by professionals to guarantee its efficiency and compliance. Once installed, one of the crucial aspects for its proper functioning is regular maintenance. This includes monitoring performance, checking sludge levels and checking the condition of mechanical and electrical components. Good maintenance ensures the durability of the system and prevents malfunctions.
During installation, it is important to choose a suitable site that complies with regulatory distances from homes and water sources, while considering soil conditions and accessibility for future maintenance. Careful planning and professional execution ensure that the micro-station operates optimally from the start and minimises the risk of complications in the long term.
Installation procedures
The installation of a micro-treatment plant begins with a soil study and an analysis of wastewater treatment needs. This phase determines the size and type of plant required. Once the model has been chosen, it is important to find a suitable location that complies with the regulatory distances from homes and water points. The installation must be carried out by an approved professional who will ensure that the system complies with the standards in force.
In addition, the installation process generally includes steps such as earthworks, tank installation, connection to the existing plumbing system and installation of the electrical components. Once these steps have been completed, a commissioning test is carried out to verify that all the components are functioning correctly and that the system is ready for use.
Tips for effective maintenance
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure that the micro-treatment plant operates at its best. It is advisable to check the level of sludge regularly and to empty it when necessary. In addition, the mechanical and electrical components should be checked periodically to detect any faults. Finally, it is advisable to take out a maintenance contract with a specialised professional, which ensures regular and preventive monitoring of the system.
Proper maintenance also includes inspecting the ventilation systems and cleaning the filter elements to prevent blockages that could affect the treatment process. With proper maintenance, micro-stations can operate efficiently for many years, providing a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.
Regulations and legal standards
The installation and operation of micro-treatment plants are governed by strict regulations to ensure environmental protection and user safety. It is imperative to check with local authorities regarding specific standards applicable in your area. Compliance with these standards is not only essential to avoid penalties, but also to ensure that the system operates efficiently and sustainably.
Regulations may include requirements for minimum distances between the micro-station and neighbouring homes, treated water quality testing and regular maintenance reports. By complying with these standards, homeowners can not only protect the environment, but also ensure the safety and well-being of their community.
Conclusion
Micro-treatment plants are a modern and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Their biological functioning, similar to natural processes, reduces the environmental impact while offering installation flexibility. Although the initial investment can be significant and regular maintenance is necessary, the long-term benefits are notable for environmentally conscious individuals. By choosing a system that is well suited to their needs and by complying with current regulations, homeowners can benefit from efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment.
